Sunday, January 26, 2020

Situation Analysis For The Nestle Corporation Marketing Essay

Situation Analysis For The Nestle Corporation Marketing Essay In this report itll help to understand the concept and process of marketing, how to use the segmentation, targeting and positioning and understand the individual elements of the extended marketing mix and how to use marketing mix in different contexts. In learning outcome 01, were introducing a new product to the market. In that student is expected to understand and apply marketing planning process to launch the new product. And in this task student must do a presentation to launch the new product to the market. In learning outcome 02, student must do a situation analysis for the organization selected and select target market for the new product and propose a positioning strategy for the new product. In learning outcome 03 students is able to design and recommend the appropriate marketing mix for the new product and in that student is able to design product features, pricing the product, and explain the channels of distributing for the new product. And finally in learning outcome 04 students must discuss the alternative segments to the product and suggest possible market growth options t o the new product. Introduction This report is about the concepts and principles in marketing process. We can use this marketing concepts and principles to introduce a new product to the market. By introducing a new product to the market, organization is able to using the planning process to launch th new product. In this report Nestle Corporation is introducing a new healthy milk powder to the market and they were doing situation analysis to the organization and positioning strategy to the product. Nestle corporation is design good product features, brand name, new distributing ways and pricing the product. Finally they doing some market growth to the product using Ansoffs Matrix. By reading this report reader can have a clear knowledge about marketing concepts and how to use these concepts to a new product. L01 Launching New Product To The Market. L02 Situation Analysis For the Nestle Corporation Marketing Environment The marketing environment surrounds and impacts upon the organization. Internal Environment The Micro Environment The Macro Environment. The Micro Environment Competitors Employees Pressure groups Intermediaries Micro Environment Local residence Customers Financiers Suppliers Owners The Macro Environment SWOT Analysis (http://www.scribd.com/doc/30768475/Swot-analysis-Nestle-Company, 2012) Strengths:- Brand strengths Nestle has very strong brand name and its easy to distribute among the customers. Production innovation The Company has been continuously introducing new products to the market. Research and Development Nestle has worldwide networks of centers 17 locations in four continents. An international staff of 3500 engaged in search for innovative new products and remotivate exist ones. Market Share High level of market share and that people all over the world trust and recognize Nestle as a big brand name. Low Cost They are low cost operators which allow them to not only to beat competition but also edging ahead operating excellence, innovation, renovation, product availability and communication is major strengths. Weakness:- Mature market One major weakness in Nestle is that it is entering into markets that are already major and can give a tough competition to new entrance. Exports Supply Chain The Company has a complex supply chain management. Opportunities:- Expansion potential to expand smaller towns and other smaller geographies, which is parents are famed for like breakfast cereals, smarties chocolates, carnation, etc. Product offering the company has the option to expand its product folio by introducing more products. Global hub since manufacturing some products is cheaper in ASIA than in any other continent. Threats:- Competition Competition from the organized and unorganized sectors. Changing consumer trends increase consumer spending on consumer durable resulting in lower spending on FMCG products. ( fast moving consumer goods ). International marketing standards Sectoral woes rising prices of raw material and fuels and increasing packaging and manufacturing costs. PEST Analysis for Nestle Corporation It is very important that an organization consider its environment before beginning the marketing process. Political Environment:- Nestle is a good political partner in politics. They were donating money for the president candidates in presidential election. Nestle corporation support many programmers and projects essential services and social services. Ex: supporting the tackling the world water crisis project. The government increasing the prices of essential goods and itll affect to the organization and the new product. By the time government change and the policies also get changed, itll affect to the customers behavior and to the company also. Economic environment:- Nestle corporation is a strong brand among the consumers and having a good business cycle in the market. Increasing of interest rate will affect to the customer behavior and itll affect to the company. Income distribution affect to the organization because when income distribution doesnt happened equally customer behavior get changed. The crisis of the world economic prices affect to the country and itll affect to the customers and to the organization. The plentiful in Social Environment:- Family background and their culture will cause to their behavior in buying products, and itll cause to the organization. Customers education level also affect to the organization, because if they dont understand about the product well, they never going to buy it. Customers beliefs, culture, and religion will cause to what they going to buy? Because it get changed customer by customer. The trend of the society will affect on customers behavior, and itll affect to the organization. Technology Environment:- Organization can incorporate the latest technology to their operations. Organization architecture and design has been the evolution of the information technology. The use of technology can build good relationship with suppliers and customers. Technology will cause to increase of the organization and they can improve their sales. Segmentation Criteria Market segmentation is the division of a market into different homogenous groups of customers. Market segmentation is depending on the specific characteristics of the product. These criteria can be divided by such as age and gender, or other distinction such as location and income. Segmenting Consumer Market for Nestle For the newly introduced Strawberry Flavor Sustagen in Nestle corporation, our company using the demographic criteria for the segmentation. Demographic segmentation consist of dividing the market into groups based on such as age, gender, family size, income, occupation, education, religion, race and nationality. In here Nestle corporation use age, gender and income as the demographic criterias for the Strawberry Flavor Sustagen. This product is a low-fat milk powder. Our company targeting the young adults and adults as the target market for the Strawberry Flavor Sustagen, because young adults and adults are using Sustagen mostly in the market and this product is a low-fat milk powder. Strawberry Flavor Sustagen can use both males and females. And Nestle Corporation targeting the consumers below 8000 income, because this product will not highly cost. In this case many customers will attract to this new innovative Strawberry Flavor Sustagen. Positioning Strategy Positioning is a concept in marketing which firstly introduced by Jack Trout. A company, a product or a brand must have positioning concept in order to survive in the market. If you dont position your business your competitor will not let you to survive in the Market. Nestlà © Corporation is chosen the Product Positioning as the Positioning Strategy for the New Strawberry Flavor Sustagen. In the market, there is various kind of healthy milk powder brands that compete with the Strawberry Flavor Sustagen, but nestle will survive as always in the market because Nestle is a good, strong brand name in the market. In this newly introduce product therere various dimensions. This Sustagen is highly possessed of good qualities and its really good for the health and itll helpful for reduce the fat. Most of diabetics patients are young adults and adults, because of that we target the young adults and the adults to the new product. Nestle corporation is going to introduce this product to the supermarkets and were give a free chance to our customers to have an experience with our newly introduced product. By this we can attract more customers to our product. Our company going to introduce this new product to the people in rural area also. Because theres plenty of people in rural areas that have the capability to buy this kind of a product. L03 Design and Recommend the Marketing Mix What is a product? Product is anything that is capable for satisfying customer needs. Features are characteristics of a product that offer benefits to the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Product Features and Developing the Brand Name Nestle Corporation introduced The Strawberry Flavor Sustagen is not like normal old type of Sustagen. Its fully tasted with strawberry flavor and extra with mint. Sustagen is a world famous milk powder, which has customers all around the world. People all around the world know about the Sustagen and they tasted Sustagen. as a product its really easy to develop because it has a strong brand name. Nestle Corporation introduced this Strawberry Flavor Sustagen is the new member in Sustagen family and Its tasted with strawberry and mint. And nestle corporation is expect to attract many customers to this New Strawberry Flavor Sustagen. Nestle Corporation is developing the new product features to attract more customers to the product. Strawberry Sustagen is a healthy milk powder that helps to keep our body healthy and get nutrition for the day. In this product it includes vitamins that we need to our body for been healthy and keeps nutrition and alternative medicines. Its fully tasted with strawberry flavor. Nestle corporation is decided to include more taste of milk and mint flavor to give a good taste to the customers. And also this product has attractive color that everyone like and with a nice mint smell. Distribute the New Product to the Market When an organization going to introduce a new product to the market, they must know how to distribute the new product to customers. And most important thing is organization must know how to hold the product in customers hand. As the distribution concepts, Nestle Corporation is using Consumer Market concept. First of all our marketing team is planning to distribute this product to Supermarkets in municipal and rural areas. Because middle level customers are coming to supermarkets. Our target market is middle level class customers. As municipal areas, there are some middle level class customers in rural areas that can buy these types of products. So our company chooses supermarkets to launch our new products and distribute through the supermarkets. Pricing the New Product Price is the amount of money or goods for which a thing is bought or sold. The way you set the price to your product, will help to stay in the market or itll cause to leave the market. For a pricing method for our new product, Nestle Corporation choose the customer-based pricing. There are two factors that affecting for pricing decisions. They are internal factors and external factors. Internal factors Rs, Market share 100 Maximum profit 150 Marketing strategy 80 Costs 90 External factors Customer and channel Partner expectation 70 Competitive and Related products 90 Government Regulation 20 Final price Rs, 600 This is the best price that our company can charge from the customers, because if our company charge high cost itll cost to have a production lost in the market. So this our company guessed this price is fair and attractive. Nestle Corporation expecting that this product will attract many customers. Promote the new product Nestle Corporation is expecting to launch our new product to the supermarkets and distribute through them to the customers. Before that our company is going to promote this new product to customers well. For that our company chooses new promotion tips. Our first aim is give the main idea to customers that this new product is strawberry flavor and its good for the health. Targeting that first our company is going to made-up a curiosity in customers mind. For that, our company creates a strawberry arch in the entrance to the supermarkets, and when customers come inside to the supermarket, in the front some people with strawberry dresses to give the main idea to customers. After that we give some leaflets to customers by introducing the new product and our marketing team is ready to inform about the product and its benefits. Finally were going to give a chance to our customers to taste our new product. Were 100% sure that our customers will like our new Strawberry Favor Sustagen and the yll surely use this for their day today life. L04 Market Development (http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm) After our new product enters to the market we must know how to keep our sales in a good level and how to develop the product in the market. Nestle Corporation is using the Ansoffs matrix as the market growth option to develop the product. The Ansoffs Growth Matrix is a tool that helps businesses decide their product and market growth strategy. Ansoffs market/product growth matrix suggest that a business attempts to grow depend on whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing market. The output from the Ansoffs matrix a series of suggested growth strategies that set the direction for the business strategy. Market penetration. Market development. Product development. Diversification. Our corporation suggests Market Penetration and Marker Development as market growth options for the new product. Market Penetration is a name given to a growth strategy where the businesses focus on selling existing products into existing market. Market penetration is to achieve another four more objectives. Maintain or increase the market share of current product. Secure dominance of growth market. Restructure a mature market by driving out competitors. Increase usage by existing customers. Market Development is the name given to a growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets. There are many ways to use this strategy. New geographical markets. New distributing channels. New product dimension or packaging. Different pricing policies for attracts new customers or new markets. Using Ansoffs Matrix our company is going to do some changes in our new product. Our company is hoping to increase the market by selling our new products in the rural areas in the country. Nestle corporation is going to introduce 500g Strawberry Sustagen packets to groceries in municipal and rural areas in the country. Our marketing team is hoping to maintain and develop the market share. And our team is going to do some advertising programmers to develop our product. In that were hope to 5% discount if our customers buy two Strawberry Sustagen. Nestle Corporation is going to introduce this new product in to the International Market. Our marketing team is planning to export this New Strawberry Sustagen country like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. And also were going to use new distributing channels to distribute our new product. Our team uses more agents to distribute the product in towns and by door by door. Theyre fully informed about the product and they always ready to give an instruction about the product. Conclusion In this report we can understand about the various elements of the marketing process and the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for a selected organization. Understand the micro and macro environmental factors, segmentation criteria, targeting strategy and positioning to the new product. Also how to develop the product features, brand name and how to set a good price for the customers. How to distribute the product to the customers and promote the product to the customers. In this report can have a good knowledge of marketing mixes in different contexts. When doing this report we can have good knowledge about the market and the behavior about the market.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

School Assemblies: How to Plan a Successful Event

School Assemblies – How to Plan a Successful Event! If you are given the task of picking school assemblies for your school, the job, though exciting, may have some questions that may be difficult for you to answer. How do you know which programs and how many presentations to do for your school? This is a question which comes up with any Elementary school or Middle School looking for ideas for school assemblies. Well, as famous detective Sherlock Holmes used to say: â€Å"Elementary, my dear Watson! , Elementary! † Have you talked to a twelve year old lately?Have you tried to read a bedtime story to them from a book designed to be read to a 6 year old? How did that work out for you? Not so good, huh? Kids minds change as they age. Well, that is a profound statement, right? Of course they do! And what appeals to and entertains the mind of a student in Kindergarten is radically different from what entertains a seventh grader. Even the differences from Kindergarten to 3rd g rade are profound. And yet, many schools think nothing of arranging a school assembly program for an audience of all grades, from Kindergarten through eighth grade!It always amazes me! Sure, there are presenters who can pull this off and the school may think that they had a good show. But what they do not realize is how much better the results would have been had they simply split the audience in half according to age. They might have had a great show instead! When all grades are combined, the performer of a school assembly has to become somewhat schizophrenic, addressing first the needs of one age group, then turning away from them to address the other half. The alternative is to simply present to one half and let the other half struggle.Or to shoot for the middle and ignore the extremes. Whichever way you try, it's basically a compromise that rarely please everyone. From the perspective of most school assembly performers, elementary school enrichment programs basically have three comfortably similar audience levels, with some overlap among them. The first, or Primary audience, starts with pre-K and continues up to roughly 3rd grade. The second, or Intermediate audience, can begin as early as 2nd grade and continue through 6th grade. The oldest, or Middle school, audience, begins at 4th grade and continues usually up through young adult.When audiences are split this way the presenter can change the style, vocabulary and content of the performance to best meet the needs and likes of that particular audience. It is one thing to consider whether a school assembly program is appropriate for all grades combined, but one must also ask if a particular program is indeed suited for a particular age group at all. For example, some school assemblies, when split into different performances, are quite good for all elementary school grades, but fare poorly in Middle Schools.Other school assemblies play wonderfully for Middle Schools but fly right over the heads of primary school audiences. It is wise to ascertain before scheduling a program whether or not the program is indeed appropriate for all the grades you wish to involve. Finally, one may also consider arranging different programs for different grade levels. For instance one might have a historical character for the 4th Grade, a science show for the 3rd grade, a live animal program for the 2nd grade and so on. This way everyone gets exactly what they want according to their needs.However, this supposes that cost is of little concern to you, and, sadly, we all know that cost is almost always a concern. Obviously, multiple performances will be more expensive than a single, all encompassing performance. But one should remember that â€Å"one size never really does fit all†! If you are going to spend the money to bring in a presentation it is worth making sure the experience is the best it can be. And most assembly companies and performers charge less per show for the second and third presen tations, and sometimes considerably less. It is worth checking.There is really nothing worse than having a program fail and realizing after the fact that a little extra planning and a few more dollars would have turned a sad experience into something great! Geoff Beauchamp is the Regional Manager of Mobile Ed Productions where â€Å"Education Through Entertainment† has been the guiding principal since 1979. Mobile Ed Productions produces and markets quality educational school assembly programs in the fields of science, history, writing, astronomy, natural science, mathematics, character issues and a variety of other curriculum based areas.In addition, Mr. Beauchamp is a professional actor with 30 years of experience in film, television and on stage. He created and still performs occasionally in Mobile Ed's THE LIVING * School Assembly Presentations 1. Organized and presented four class assemblies with Grades 5 & 7 around environmental/spiritual themes using songs, chants, cir cle story telling, drama and poems. 2. Screened a short documentary ‘Give Us a Life Please' showing the dangers of toxic waste and other environmental pollution on Indian children's health. . Arranged the purchase, introduced and displayed ‘Herbotique', a herbal, multi-purpose floor wash and cleaner and the chemical cleaners our school has been using up to this time with a full-explanation of the environmental and health effects of both. Arranged for empty containers to be available at the Tuck Shop so teachers and staff can purchase it by using our bulk order. 4. Arranged and anchored a student-led visual presentation to educate the school body about garbage separation. 5.Organized and presented a four-day ‘Climate Change Week' to help inform the entire school body about this global threat and how it is connected to our daily lives. Five sets of six posters especially created for schools by TERI were placed on notice boards around the school including in the staff room. Four extended morning assemblies, each of 45 minutes duration, covered the following: (Saturday): First clue of ‘Climate Change Challenge' Treasure Hunt) was given at the end of the morning assembly. Attention was drawn to the 20 ‘True or False' statements placed on the walls around the assembly hall and to the posters around the school. Monday): Screening of a narrated Power Point Presentation introducing Climate Change and highlighting its cause and effects. (Tuesday): Screening of a video ‘Global Warning' which focused on the possible effects of Climate Change on various regions of India. (Wednesday): ‘Quiz Results Day'. a. Students were asked to raise their hands regarding the truth or falsity of the statements placed around the assembly hall giving reasons for their choices based on†¦ [continues] Read full essay Planning a School Assembly Checklist Planning a school assembly is fun but hectic at the same time for teachers.The dos and don'ts o f planning a school assembly are to be well considered before organizing one. No matter what the event is, the basics always remain the same. Therefore, every teacher must have a school assembly checklist to ensure the success of the whole event. Firstly, to organize a proper assembly it is imperative to classify the responsibilities into three categories; tasks to be undertaken before the event, tasks during the school assembly and activities to carry out right after the assembly. Categorizing your tasks will make it easier to organize the event.Checklist for tasks before the event: Here's a school assembly checklist for tasks you should perform before the event: * Choose a single theme for the event to get administrative approval if necessary. Select a date that is convenient for the staff and students. Make sure the date does not conflict with any other events held by the school. * Develop a set of rules for the event that should include the time limit, attire to be worn, the dos and don'ts for students and teachers, etc. * Make a list of guests – students, teachers, principal, and any outsider if permitted. Create invitation cards for special guests – You can have your students make them as a fun activity. * Create a management plan of how to carry out the activities on the day of the school assembly. Checklist for the day of assembly: The following is a list of tasks and considerations teachers need to make for the day of assembly: * Before the assembly starts, check whether everyone is ready for the activities they are carrying out. * Check the audio and visual equipment thoroughly to avoid any mishaps. * If any special guests are invited, make sure that you and the principal are ready to welcome them. Distribute lists of the activities to be held to parents, students and guests. * Distribute questionnaires to guests and parents afterwards to know their comments about the event. * Check if the refreshments are ready to be served on time. * Make sure the welcome speech is ready. Let the guests, students, and parents know in the welcome speech about the purpose of the event and the activities once again. After the School assembly checklist: It is important to create an after school assembly checklist to make sure that everything runs smoothly.Here are some tips for that: * Most important  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ make sure all the guests are taken care of properly once the event is over. * Make sure all the equipment used are unplugged and kept safely. * Make sure to acknowledge everyone – guests, sponsors, performers, etc. * Create a file of activities that were carried out, guests who came, sponsors, etc. for next year. * Take all suggestions in writing from guests, parents, and others involved. For More On School Assemblies Visit 1. Academic Entertainment- K-12 school assembly programs through quality entertainment. 2.Assemblies- Assemblies is a bank of over 100 resources written by teachers for teachers. They should save y ou time when creating and preparing assemblies for use with your class, year group or school. 3. The assemblies website- United Kingdom site. 4. Circus of the Kids- Provides programs for K-12 schools or organizations. 5. National Theatre for Children- Develops programs that tour elementary and middle schools teaching kids about societal issues. 6. The Puppet Showplace Theatre- A non-profit performing arts organization committed to excellence in puppetry for all audiences. 7.Royalty Theatre, Sunderland- Amateur theatre group site with information about their history and past and present productions. 8. School Assemblies for Busy Teachers- A site where teachers can freely download and submit assembly, ideas, scripts, and links. 9. SchoolGigs. com 10. School Shows. com- A nationwide directory of school shows, assemblies, workshops, and residencies. Please note:  The performers in this directory are solely responsible for the content of their listing. 11. Storyteller. net- â€Å"You can search here for a teller in your own neighborhood or even around the world!If a state or country is not listed we have no tellers from that state/country. † How to Set Up a Great School Assembly Program Over the last few decades school assemblies, or school shows have become a staple of the day to day life of many schools across the United States. Once a simple burst of entertainment to break up the year, usually in the form of a magic show or a juggler, school assemblies have blossomed into an entire industry, filled with a magnificent array of options ranging from entertainment to education and with pretty much everything in between. Knowing how to select what is right for your school can be a difficult job!It is important to decide what you are looking for, then track down the types of programs which will best serve your needs. Traditional â€Å"entertainment† shows,   while fun for the kids, have given way over the past few decades to educational programs whic h often provide a cost effective alternative to field trips. Newer programs are designed to strictly adhere to and support the educational standards of your state, and thus to augment the educational process, while providing every bit as much entertainment and fascination for the kids as do the shows which focus strictly on entertainment.There are many school assemblies available which focus on one or more areas of science. You may opt for a program on chemistry, or a visiting planetarium, or or a natural science assembly taught through the introduction of live animals. Social studies are also represented in the form of living history characters such as Abraham Lincoln or Harriett Tubbman. Fine Arts programs abound, and it is possible to schedule visits from dance companies, bands and orchestras, strolling individual musicians and various applied arts programs as well.And in the field of writing the option exists to arrange for a visit from an author or from a performing artist who will present performances of stories written by your students. Once you have determined which area is of interest, the next task is to locate the appropriate artist. If you live in a major metropolitan area such as Chicago or New York, you may have access to an assembly showcase. These are good options for getting ideas, but leave out many able presenters who may not have the option of traveling to the showcase, but who are, nevertheless, available to your school.The internet is a good place to start, and a simple search under â€Å"school assembly programs† or school assemblies† and including your state, will often yield good results. It is important to add your state, as many performers are only available on a local basis, though there are also major and very reputable companies that are available nationwide. Often your school will keep a file of brochures that have been mailed to the school. And you may also want to contact other schools in your area to see if they h ave recommendations.Some school show presenters are totally independent and must be contacted personally. This can be challenging as these independent â€Å"acts† are often busy performing when you call so patience is required. You may need to wait a day or two until they can reply to your inquiry. Others are represented by agencies or perform programs on behalf of companies. In these cases there is usually a staffed office available with customer service to assist you, on your schedule. Writers and authors are usually contacted through the auspices of a literary agent.Fees will vary widely. Programs may range from free up to thousands of dollars. Some authors can be very expensive. Science Museums often have outreach programs but these are also oftentimes very costly. On the other extreme, simple but effective programs can be found for free. Hospitals may provide a bike safety program. Ronald McDonald has programs in some areas for which the school pays nothing. But most pre senters will charge some kind of fee. A common price range may start at $200-300 but range up from there quickly according to the number of performances.This touches on another area needing planning. As anyone who has ever shopped for clothing will tell you, one size never fits all. If your school has 400-500 or more students, that is usually too many for a single performance. This is especially true when the performer is asked to address many different grade levels simultaneously. The needs of a first grader are different from the interests of a fifth grader. Skilled presenters know how to address these needs in different, age-appropriate assemblies. So make sure to schedule enough presentations.Be sure to also ascertain whether additional fees are involved. Many performers will tack on fees for travel or accommodation. Others will require non refundable deposits, and charge the school for weather cancellations. Some will even require you to convince other local schools to also boo k a date before they will allow you to schedule your own. Make sure you are clear on everything that is involved! Finally, you will be ready to schedule your dates. Try to obtain programs at times of the year when the content is aligned with what the students are studying at that time.Examples might include hosting an Abraham Lincoln impersonator during February, or a science program to kick off the period leading up to your science fair. Avoid bringing in programs just before or during state mandated test windows or you will certainly incur the wrath of your teachers! Parochial schools may want to have a program during Catholic Schools week. Some schools like to look for something to highlight anti-substance abuse issues during Red Ribbon Week. There are many options available to you. But don’t wait too long. Try to schedule far in advance!While it is sometimes possible to get lucky and be able to arrange a program at the last minute, more than likely if you wait you will be disappointed. The best programs will fill in. And often, programs may only be in your area of the country at certain times. It is wise to begin your planning for the upcoming school year during the previous Spring. Regardless of what you choose, prepare to have a good time. There is nothing as rewarding a the sound of a gymnasium full of students erupting with laughter and awe from a performance you helped to bring to them!

Friday, January 10, 2020

The Wise Choice Process

What is your ideal future outcome? ) My Ideal future outcome is to get my nursing bachelor degree by 2016, dive right Into my career right after I graduate, and while work as a RAN pursue my masters degree and become a Nurse Anesthetist I want to have a stable part-time job that works with my schedule, and supports me throughout my college years so that I can focus on school and not have to worry about my financial stability. Ideally, I want to control all aspects of my life, and right now I feel as though I don't have a complete grasp on what to do to better my life 3.What are my possible choices? (Create a long list of specific choices that might create your preferred outcome. Cut back on school, and spend more time on finding a Job. Try harder to find a job Find a Job, stay in school, and alleviate my stress Meditate and find ways to control my stress levels even if I don't have a job. Realize that things will get better eventually if I Just apply myself. Keep doing what I'm doing 4. What's the likely outcome of each possible choice? (If you can't predict the likely outcome of an option, stop and gather more Information.If I cut back on school, and spend more time on finding a job, it'll take me longer to finish school. It wouldn't hurt to try harder to find a Job. Finding a Job, staying in school, and getting rid of my stress would be perfect. Meditate and find ways to control my stress is what I should be doing so that I can focus on school. Realize that things will get better Is relying on time to fix your problems, In a sense. And I don't want to wait. I want It to happen now. I am not going to keep doing what I'm doing because it is not working for me. 5. Which choice(s) will I commit to doing?Pick from your list of choices in step 3. ) I will commit to looking harder for a Job I will commit to finding a Job, staying in school, and getting rid of my stress. I will commit to Meditating and finding ways to control my stress 6. When and how will I evaluate my plan? (Identify specifically the date and criteria by which you will determine the success of your plan. ) I will start making changes In my life today March 13,2012. I want things to change now. So I need to act now. If I procrastinate on changing, it'll only take those changes longer to happen.I'm tired of feeling like I have no control over my life, and Its time for me to get back that control. If I ever feel discouraged or frustrated, I will simply refer back to this Journal to encourage me to get back on track the Wise Choice Process I learned that ever problem has a solution, and its up to me to make the right choice. There are many choices I can make, but I have to weigh them and see which one is the best fit for me. Earlier in this Journal I mentioned feeling like I had no control over what was happening in my life, and learning this sis choice process inspires me to change and make what I want to happen, happen now.It feels like thoughts have been overflowing my mind. I now know that a good choice today, will lead to a better tomorrow, I have the power to choose! ‘ relearned that only we can change what goes on in our life, and I am starting my change today. It is my programming that has created my choices in the past. It is the choices that I make today that are creating the programs of my future. I need to † Listen to the quietest whispers of your mind. They are telling you the choices that will help you the most†

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Lateral Workplace Violence Effective, Destructive, Or...

Lateral workplace violence is described as aggressive, destructive, or harassment behavior in the workplace between nurses or other members of the interprofessional team (Yoder-Wise, 2015). This type of behavior can occur within every aspect of life including professional, social, and personal life. The behavior can include gossiping, withholding information, or ostracism extending outside of the workplace and can occur in person or in cyberspace (American Nursing Association, 2011). Lateral workplace violence is very common among nursing students and new graduates due to the lack of confidence and skill set these individuals possess during the learning process. These new nurses are forced to rely on nurse managers and leaders to prevent interprofessional conflict from peers with equal power (Yoder-Wise, 2015). The topic was selected because lateral workplace violence is a problem student nurses and newly licensed nurses will face and need to be prepared before entering the work force. These individuals need to possess the skills to handle the conflict on a one-on-one basis. If the conflict cannot be handled, they need to know a superior is available if needed. Confidential reporting is also necessary to prevent retaliation from the perpetrator to the victim. Student nurses who are transitioning into the role of registered nurse need to learn how to work with other members of the interprofessional team to prevent the negative impact on nursing staff as well asShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages Organizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreSocial Media6807 Words   |  28 Pagesusers16 Common myths about Social Media17 Data leakage and non-disclosure17 Social Media Squatting18 A new generation of hackers18 The high cost of inaction19 Harm to brand reputation19 Lost productivity19 Strains on bandwidth20 Implementing effective Practices20 Recommendations 21 Creating an Account21 General Recommendations22 Conclusion26 References28 Abstract Social networking sites spread information faster than any other media. Over 50% of people learn about breaking news on socialRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesoperating managers must view HR management as an interface. Discuss why ethical issues and professionalism affect HR management as a career field. ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  3 HR TRANSITIONS HR Management Contributes to Organizational Success More effective management of human resources (HR) increasingly is being seen as positively affecting performance in organizations, both large and small. A joint venture between General Electric and a Japanese company, GE Fanuc is a manufacturer of factory automationRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . 78 Total Quality Management (TQM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Policy Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Sources of Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Effective Policy Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Implementing Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Steps in Making DecisionsRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 PagesDifferent managerial techniques help mangers to direct the performance of employees in desirable direction in order to achieve the organizational objectives. Through the efforts of others working in an organization, managers get things done that require effective human resource management. 2. Helps you avoid common personnel mistakes Qualified HR mangers utilize organization resources in such a way that helps to avoid common personnel mistakes like the following†¦ a. Hiring the wrong person for the job b.Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages mymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesmhhe.com About the Authors Erik W. Larson ERIK W. LARSON is professor of project management at the College of Business, Oregon State University. He teaches executive, graduate, and undergraduate courses on project management, organizational behavior, and leadership. His research and consulting activities focus on project management. He has published numerous articles on matrix management, product development, and project partnering. He has been honored with teaching awards from both the Oregon

Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Stereotypes, Conformity, And Discrimination - 1742 Words

Prejudices and Discrimination in American History X Abstract Stereotyping, prejudice, conformity, and discrimination are well portrayed in the movie American History X. The negative attitude held by Derek towards to black people is greatly influenced and learned from his father who was a racist. Derek also transfers these prejudice attitudes towards his younger brother Danny as he grows up seeing the racism practiced in his family and his brother. Although these attitudes are based on propaganda, the two brothers conform to them and even join the Nazi group that holds similar ethnocentrism beliefs. This affirms and fuels the supremacist attitude, but unfortunately, it also leads to negative consequences in their lives. Derek murders an†¦show more content†¦In this paper, the prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping will be analyzed in reference to American History X. Analysis The theme of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination in American History X is well conveyed b y the actions and attitudes of most of the main characters towards the minority groups and most specifically, the people of color. The main character in the movie is Derek Vinyard, and his white supremacist nature is highly influenced by his father views toward the people of color. The movie is full of terrible and dark scenes as well as violence, most of which is practiced by Derek based on propaganda. Derek’s father influenced Derek’s view of the black people since he was a kid by talking about the black communication in a negative view (American History X, 1998). As a result, Derek’s mind created a bad, negative image of the blacks in the United States. After a black addicted guy caused the death of his father, Derek hate for the black people became reaffirmed, and he became a member of the Neo-Nazi. The Neo-Nazi members held an ethnocentrism thought against the black people as they came from different cultural origins. This helped to build their prejudice, r acism, and discrimination against them. Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one’s culture and values are superior to that of other people. This exemplifies the white supremacist belief of the Neo-Nazi led by Derek. For instance, aShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychological Concepts in the Movie Mean Girls Essay760 Words   |  4 Pagessocial-psychological principals depicted in Mean Girls are prejudice, discrimination, and conformity. According to Social Psychology and Human Nature textbook, written by Baumeister and Bushman, prejudice is a negative feeling toward an individual bases solely on his or her membership in a particular group. Discrimination is unequal treatment of different people based on the groups or categories to which they belong. Lastly, conformity is defined as getting along with the crowd. In the movie, theRead MoreRemember The Titans Film Analysis1202 Words   |  5 Pageseach other but in the end become good friend in spite of the segregation. This paper will analyze this film through the social psychological principles of racism, conformity and stereotypes. The first social phycological principle that was shown a lot throughout the movie was racism. Racism which is defined as prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one s own race is superior. One of the most discreet scenes that showed racismRead MoreGood and Bad Discrimination1173 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: Good And Bad Discrimination Good And Bad Discrimination Theresa Branch Robert Morris University Professor Anderson Argument Research When the word discrimination is brought up there is an automatic negative response, due to the fact that most have this idea that there is only bad discrimination. This comes from people using stereotypes and being prejudice which creates detrimental situations. However, when a person discriminates it does not mean they are trying to beRead MorePositive And Negative Impacts Of Social Psychology1404 Words   |  6 Pagesstress and headaches while trying to overcompensate. Another form of social influence is a direct form of social pressure known as conformity. Conformity is defined as â€Å"action in accordance with customs, rules, prevailing opinion, and conventional behavior† (Neufeldt, 1991). When most people hear conformity, they automatically relate it with a negative connotation. Conformity has truly played a major role in establishing societies throughout history. A strong society is based on people’s willingness toRead MorePSY 301 Week 5 Final Paper Social Psychology Bringing It All Together618 Words   |  3 Pagesdo we make about other people? a. Attributions: internal, external, explanatory style b. Attitudes and behavior c. Prejudice, stereotypes, discrimination 3. Influencing Others: Persuasion – How do we use the power of persuasion? a. Persuasion techniques b. Characteristics of the persuader, message, audience 4. Influencing Others: Obedience and Conformity – What factors lead us to conform and become obedient? a. Aggressive behavior and aggression cues b. Prosocial behavior c. RelationshipRead MoreThe 1964 Civil Rights Act1173 Words   |  5 PagesTitle IIV of the 1964 Civil Rights Act forbids the discrimination in employment on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin, or religion by employers. So why it is that sex segregation is so rampant in the workplace still? Segregation is defined as the characteristic on which groups are sorted symbolized dominant or subordinate status and become the bases for differential treatment. It provides rewards for the dominating group in society and makes the minority group stay below. This processRead MorePrejudice1230 Words   |  5 Pages prejudice and discrimination * Prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination often overlap. * Prejudice is the feelings we have about particular groups. * Prejudice is a negative prejudgement of a group and its individual members. * Prejudice biases us against others based on the person’s group. * Prejudice is a combination of feelings, inclinations to act and beliefs. * Prejudice is complex and include a component of patronizing affection. * Stereotypes are the cognitiveRead MoreThe Expectations And Birth Of A Child1030 Words   |  5 PagesFollowing birth, the newborn is then assigned a gender, i.e., male or female. His or her, he or she, and similar pronouns or lexicon then attribute to what may or, may not, become a life of inner-conflict in the quest for identification or societal conformity to such an assigned gender. For hundreds of years and continuing to this day, society has taught us that boys get dirty, play sports and are more aggressive. In contrast, girls play with dolls, wear dresses and have tea parties. This is furtherRead MoreHe Conformity s Judgement Is Based On What Gender They Are Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pageshe Conformity In Grease The behavior towards people’s judgement is based on what gender they are can be summarized in one movie Grease. Grease made 159 million dollars in the year 1978 alone, but the movie itself shows the double standards on gender with two main a groups of teenage high school students. The testosterone filled group of males known as T- Birds and the Barbie pink female group known as The Pink ladies, make up the popular crew in their school. If you aren’t part of these two groupsRead MoreSocial Identity And Collective Identity1239 Words   |  5 Pagesrecognizes stereotypes, discrimination and prejudice; it also leads to ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism refers when an individual arbitrates people by reflecting on one owns cultural standards, such as when terrorism and horrific crime occurs when a community or a religion feels preferable over the other. Stereotypical thinking is a belief about idiosyncrasy thinking that it associates with the members of particular group, such as Americans are perceived as knowledgeable and productive, such stereotypes within

Monday, December 16, 2019

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Reducing The Risk For...

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Reducing the Risk for Intimate Partner Violence amongst Trauma Survivors with PTSD and Depression Disorder Symptoms Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a depressive disorder are conditions that may last a lifetime for individuals who have undergone significant life changing events. One life changing event in particular, includes violence amongst intimate partners. Individuals who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and later develop symptoms of depression and or PTSD have an increased risk for future IPV occurrences. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown positive results in improving symptoms of PTSD and depressive disorder, but the use of CBT has not been explored in regards to reducing the risk of IPV prevalence amongst these individuals. Level One Heading The incidence of intimate partner violence is quite common amongst individuals in the United States. As a result, PTSD and depressive disorder have been consequences associated with this issue, further adding to numerous public health issues that our society is facing. Intimate partner violence not only affects the victim, but the families and society as well. Therefore, efforts must be made to decrease the prevalence of IPV, as well as assisting those individuals who have been victimized in this issue. Past research has associated PTSD with individuals with sexual abuse, but not specific to IPV. One example in particular, included research done amongst womenShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence : An Reliable Support System2103 Words   |  9 Pagesthe ones who are creating the problems. One of the prominent issues that can potentially occur within families involves domestic violence, with the victim usually being a woman. With most family matters, those who are looking from the outside are usually hesitant in intervening with those types of personal issues. In order to reduce the occurrence of domestic violence, there must be assistance and training provided for all of the parties involved. This includes providing assistance to the victimRead MoreComparing Treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Domestic Violence and Women Victims of Rape2123 Words   |  9 Pagesin Domestic Violence and Raped Women Victims Abstract The present research will evaluate treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). A group of victims of domestic violence (DV) and rape with persistent PTSD will be recruited and submitted to a 6 month therapy. There will be a 3 X 2 independent groups factorial design where the independent groups are going to be women with PTSD (domestic violence and rape victims) and treatments; one group of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and theRead MoreUse of CBT to Treat Victims of Domestic Violence Essay2249 Words   |  9 PagesWomen will continue to suffer from domestic violence unless there is some sort of intervention to help them. When dealing with this population, it is essential to create a safe environment where the woman can talk freely about the abuse without any retaliation from the abuser. When someone comes into a therapeutic session, everyone deserves to be treated with respect and care. This in turn will create a sense of hope that a different type of life can be possi ble. Also, knowing that there is a supportRead MoreViolence: The Double Whammy Effect2147 Words   |  9 Pages Violence: The Double Whammy Effect Introduction______________________________________________________ Statement Of The Problem/Context I have been intwined in the cycle of violence since a very young age. Unfortunately the cycle of violence has lived up to it’s name. As a child not only was I physically and emotionally abused, I also witnessed my parents abusive marriage. Choosing to repress the events, believing that if they weren’t brought up they couldn’tRead MoreIntervention Paper4463 Words   |  18 PagesUnited States several million children experience some extreme traumatic event. Some of these events include natural disasters, death of a loved one, vehicle accidents, physical and/or sexual abuse and witnessing domestic violence. Children are increasingly exposed to violence in society. Many of these children may develop some form of psychological problems that can significantly impair their emotional, academic, and social functioning. Research has noted that many of these children will becomeRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Depression On Children1901 Words   |  8 Pagesto use corporal punishment as a form of discipline. Maternal depression is a hugely significant risk factor for child abuse and neglect. (Fields, 2009) Low-income depressed mothers may also be less likely than their non-depressed peers to access public ass istance. (Zajicek, 2012) The two factors most strongly associated with maternal depression, in turn, are intimate-partner violence or domestic violence, and mothers’ health and well-being. Children of depressed mothers are more likely than other childrenRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence : An Appropriate Theory, Assessment, And Intervention Essay2414 Words   |  10 PagesOver the past two decades, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has received increased attention due to the undeniable ripple effects it has on families. Particularly, children who witness dynamics often seen in abusive relationships may be harmful and can have destructive effects on the development of a child(s). Protecting these silent victims from the long-term effects is important as it may lead to abusive relationships in the future. In this paper, I plan to address the direct and indirect abuseRead MoreChild Abuse and Neglect3425 Words   |  14 Pagesserious life-long developmental, social, emotional and other significant problems. This paper will address risk factors that are associated with abuse and neglect, who is at risk for being abused, as well as some traits of the abuser. This paper will incorporate child development across the lifespan, as well as some information about how abuse and neglect affects a child’s language, cognitive, social/emotional, motor and adaptive skills, as well as physical health. Effective parenting techniques andRead MoreSexual Addiction2325 Words   |  10 Pagespsychologists and other specialists as to whether the phenomenon represents an actual addiction or even a psychological/psychiatric condition at all. Components of the sexual addiction model draw an analogy between hyper sexuality and substance addiction or behavioral problems like gambling addiction, recommending 12-step and other addiction-based methods of treatment. Other explanatory models of hyper sexuality include sexual compulsivity and sexual impulsivity. Sexologists have not reached any consensus regardingRead MoreThe Use Of Creative Art For A Social Work Setting With Clients With The Skills And Tools Necessary Properly4769 Words   |  20 Pagesclients with the skills and tools necessary properly process and utilize the environment around them. However, instances occur when effective communication on behalf of the client is not possible. In this type of situation, the use adaption of art therapy in a social work setting with clients who have limited verbalization skills and lack the ability to adequately express their emotions due to a disability or traumatic event will become necessary. A lack of effective communication is often observed

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Transnational Social Movement Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Transnational Social Movement. Answer: Slavery has been a social disease for many centuries and has been practiced in the Western and colonial world without any restraint and mercy. People in power have discriminated poor people on the basis of the race and color of the skin which was the main foundation of the concept of slavery. Slaves were brought from African countries and were sold to feudal lords to work in their houses and fields and help to build their capitalist empire without getting any payment or even proper food in return (Cutter 2017). These practices continued for centuries before there were anti-slavery movements which proved to be a beacon of hope for a huge number of slaves all around the world. The following discussion is about the Abolitionist Movement which was an anti-slavery movement which happened few decades before the civil war in America. The goal of the Abolitionist Movement was to liberate slaves from the shackles of slavery and racial discrimination with immediate effect (Mason 2017). The Abolitionist Movement was different from other anti-slavery movements as it advocated the immediate liberation of slaves which was in contradiction with other modern anti-slavery point of view which stated that there should be gradual removal of slave culture and there were other free-soil activists which said that slavery should be abolished in some states and it should be restricted to grow in the further West (Pariseau 2017).The Radical Abolitionist Movement was started due to the religious reasons of the Second Great Awakening which convinced people for liberation of slaves on the grounds of religion. The ideas of Abolitionist Movement became popular in the Northern Part of the country and politics began to happen on those grounds. This lead to regional hostility between the Northern and The Southern States which lead to the o utbreak of Civil War (Price 2017). From the advent of Abolitionist Movement in 1830 it continued till 1870, continuously urging for immediate liberation of slaves from their bondages and end the racial discrimination. These goals of Abolitionist Movement made it different from the broader ideas of slavery abolition extending to more of the Western countries which led to the civil war after 1840s. Although the feelings and goals of the Abolitionist Movement was strong at the time of American Revolution, but it did not take form of a militant crusade which it further evolved in 1830s (Reilly 2017). It has been observed that most of the northern states have been affected by many religious and evangelical movements which gave a spiritual guidance to the society. These movements gave much emphasis on the will of God and the correct way of living which deepened the effect of the Abolitionist Movement in the minds of people. It stressed on the moral imperatives and discarded the sinful practices which were been executed in t he slave society and by the slave owners (Robertson 2017). Popular newspapers like Liberator which was owned by some African-Americans published number of articles in support of the Abolitionist Movement which played a vital role in reaching the hearts and minds of the people making them to join the crusade against slavery with will and courage. There were many American Anti-Slavery Societies which were found in the light of the Abolitionist Movement which preached that slavery is a sin and it must be abolished with immediate effect (Stoskopf and Bermudez 2017). These societies received a huge response in terms of financial and moral support in the Northern States and found more than hundred branches in the territory. These societies made posters and banners denouncing the practice of slavery and filled the streets with it widely and openly protesting, taking the Abolitionist Movement forward. All these activities created a hostile environment in the Northern and Southern states and provoked violent mobs which destroyed public property and burnt mailbags which contained the banners of the movement (Vos 2017). The U.S. House of Representatives passed a gag rule in which the anti-slavery petitions were not entertained and banned their considerations. Later on a leader of the Abolitionist Movement was murdered which led many Northern state citizens to vote for the anti-slavery politicians and brought prominent converts into the limelight. But with gradual integration of anti-slavery politicians in the movement, the leaders of Abolitionist Movement came into conflict with each other (Robertson 2017). Some of the leaders and their followers believed that the entire American society has been corrupted with the practice of slavery; there is a need of radical spiritual change in the values of Americans to make this Abolitionist Movement successful. To add to this moral suasion som e leaders broadened the scope of the movement by including the agenda of equal rights for women and to denounce the corrupt studious practices of the church. There is a debate on the change in values of Americans in all the states due to the Abolitionist Movement but few historians believe that the most affected area was the Northern State where maximum influence was observed (Stoskopf and Bermudez 2017).The patrons of Abolitionist Movement had a deep impact of the religious practices of the American people which was ambiguous to the Methodists and Baptists. They also found many anti-slavery free churches in many states which was a sign of victory for the Abolitionist Movement. By the latter half of the 1850s it was observed that there was a change in stance for the black people in the political arena and the racial discrimination was subsumed. Many of the contributors of Abolitionist Movement became supports of the Republican Party and proved to become military champions during the civil war (Reilly 2017). This movement got split in 1865 when the Thirteenth Amendment in the U.S. Constitution was passed abolishing slavery. This made the e xistence of American Anti-Slavery Society meaningless. But only political equality for the African-Americans was achieved and rests of the goals of Abolitionist Movement were still not fulfilled which kept the leaders of the movement from ending and dissolving it (Pariseau 2017). When the Fifteenth Amendment was passed which extended the male suffrage to the African-Americans the only the Abolitionist Movement considered its mission to be completed. References Cutter, M.J., 2017.The Illustrated Slave: Empathy, Graphic Narrative, and the Visual Culture of the Transatlantic Abolition Movement, 1800-1852. University of Georgia Press. Mason, M., 2017. An Illuminating but Not Entirely Novel Window on Abolitionism.Reviews in American History,45(2), pp.259-262. Pariseau, J.A., 2017. The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition. Price, G.R., 2017. AAST 262.01: Abolitionism-The First Civil Rights Movement. Reilly, K., 2017. Anti-Slavery Movements in British North America and the Transnational life of Obedient Servant Samuel Ringgold Ward.Mount Royal Undergraduate Humanities Review (MRUHR),4. Robertson, S.M., 2017. Marketing Social Justice: Lessons from our Abolitionist Predecessors.Moving the Social,57, pp.21-36. Stoskopf, A. and Bermudez, A., 2017. The sounds of silence: American history textbook representations of non-violence and the Abolition Movement.Journal of Peace Education,14(1), pp.92-113. Vos, J., 2017. BEYOND EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN SLAVERY AND INTO THE PRESENT-Historical Dictionary of Slavery and Abolition, Edited by Martin A. Klein. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield, 2014. Pp. xxv+ 450. $85.00, hardback (ISBN 978-0-8108-5966-1).The Journal of African History,58(1), pp.149-151.